BiologyLover

                CORAL REEF Coral reef seems like plants but in actually coral reef are made up of marine invertebrate animals that are related to anemones and jelly fishes. Single coral animal is a polyp . Polyp are shallow water organisms have a soft body covered by a calcareous skeleton.The polyps extract calcium salts from sea water to form these hard polyp are usually look like soft round mouth covered with tentacles. Polyp doesn't always act alone.Many species of coral grow in colonies with hundreds or thousands of polyp acting as a single organism.  CONDITION FOR CORAL REEF FORMATION

                            Twins Twins occur when two babies are born to one mother after a single pregnancy.                   Types of Twins Two types: 1).  Monozygotic/Identical 2). Dizygotic/Fraternal/Non-Identical               Monozygotic twins   They're identical . They formed when one zygote, created with just one egg and one sperm, splits into two new eggs, resulting in two embryos rather than one. Each embryo then develops into a separate foetus.                   Dizygotic twins They occur when two separate eggs are fertilized by two separate sperm. Dizygotic twins are the result of hyperovulation, the release of multiple eggs in a single cycle.  Note:.  Dizygotic twins share only 50% of the same genes, whereas identical twins share 100%, which explains why frater...

  Difference between anthocyanin and anthocyanidins Anthocyanin in berry skin of grapes Similarities between anthocyanin and anthocyanidins: Anthocyanin and anthocyanidin are two types of red-blue plant pigments. Both anthocyanin and anthocyanidin can be found in fruits, flowers, leaves, stems, and roots of higher plants. Both anthocyanin and anthocyanidin are flavonoids. The basic core of both anthocyanin and anthocyanidin is the flavylium Both anthocyanin and anthocyanidin depend upon the pH. Both anthocyanin and anthocyanidin are composed of antioxidant properties. Both anthocyanin and anthocyanidin are used as food colorants and pharmaceutical components.

                    What is Gut Microbiome? The term “gut microbiome” refers specifically to the microorganisms living in your intestines. A person has about 300 to 500 different species of bacteria in their digestive tract.While some microorganisms are harmful to our health, many are incredibly beneficial and even necessary to a healthy body. In fact, without the gut microbiome, it would be very difficult to survive. The gut microbiome begins to affect your body the moment you are born. Effect of Gut biome on person overall heath: Digesting breast milk: Some of the bacteria that first begin to grow inside babies’ intestines are called Bifidobacteria . They digest the healthy sugars in breast milk that are important for growth. Digesting fiber: Certain bacteria digest fiber, producing short chain fatty acids, which are important for gut health. Fiber may help prevent weight gain, diabetes, heart disease and the risk of cancer. He...

                       Haptens A small molecule which, when combined with a larger carrier such as a protein, can elicit the production of antibodies which bind specifically to it (in the free or combined state). OR A hapten is a substance that can combine with a specific antibody but lacks antigenicity of its own. Image source : Pinterest Example — well-known example of a hapten is urushiol , which is the toxin found in poison ivy. Other haptens that are commonly used in molecular biology applications include fluorescein, biotin, digoxigenin, and dinitrophenol. Difference between antibodies and heptan 

What is Roberstsonian translocation? A Robertsonian translocation results when the long arms of two acrocentric chromosomes fuse at the centromere and the two short arms ar e  lost . It  is  the most common form of chromosomal translocation in humans . About 1 in 1,000 people are born with a r obertsonian translocation.           Image source: Google                              Symptoms The condition does not necessarily cause any symptoms, but some people with it may face difficulties having a family. People who carry the abnormality, however, may pass it on to their children. Aspiring parents may wish to seek genetic counseling before starting a family.                               Examples Long   arms of chromosomes 13 and 14 fuse, no significant genetic material is lost—and the person is...