Dunaliella salina - Overview

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                 Dunaliella salina Dunaliella salina is a unicellular microalgae belong to division Chlorophyta . It is found in salinity environments such as salted brines, salt evaporation ponds, and hypersaline lakes  .It is able to tolerate varying NaCl concentrations, ranging from 0.2% to approximately 35% . Thus, Dunaliella salina is a hyper-halotolerant organism found in high densities in saline lakes.  The ability to tolerate high salt concentrations is advantageous, since competition is minimal in high salt concentration areas.  How D.salina   tolerate high salt concentration? D. salina has adapted to survive in high salinity environments by accumulating glycerol to balance osmotic pressure. Note :  D. salina is also adapted to solar radiation using β-carotene to protect against ionizing energy.                 Red Colour of Salt Brines  Dunaliella salina...
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Galactose tolerance test

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    Galactose tolerance test

  •  It is a laboratory test done to determine the ability of liver to convert galactose into glycogen.
  • Galactose is a monosaccharide,almost exclusively used by liver.The Normal liver is able to convert galactose into glucose,but this function is impaired in intrahepatic disease and the amount of blood galactose and urine galactose is excessive.The liver can be assessed by measuring the utilisation of galactose. This is called Galactose tolerance test.Also called liver function test.

  • Types:  1. The oral method (require 5hours) 2. The intravenous method (require 2hours,this is more accurate)

  • Oral galactose tolerance test(OGTT) :This test is performed in the morning after a night's fast.A fasting food sample is collected .Sample serve as 'control'. 40mg galactose dissolved in a cup full of water is given orally.Further blood samples(to determine whether galactose is metabolized or not) are collected at half hourly intervals of two hours.Capacity of liver to convert galactose into glucose is decreased in liver disease.Hence, blood galactose remain elevated for a long time after ingestion of galactose. It is used to diagnose prediabetes,diabetes and gestational diabetes.

  1. Intravenous galactose tolerance test(IGTT):  Rarely used,never used to diagnose diabetes .In this method ,galactose is intravenously injected and blood glucose levels are measured within 5minutes.

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