Dunaliella salina - Overview

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                 Dunaliella salina Dunaliella salina is a unicellular microalgae belong to division Chlorophyta . It is found in salinity environments such as salted brines, salt evaporation ponds, and hypersaline lakes  .It is able to tolerate varying NaCl concentrations, ranging from 0.2% to approximately 35% . Thus, Dunaliella salina is a hyper-halotolerant organism found in high densities in saline lakes.  The ability to tolerate high salt concentrations is advantageous, since competition is minimal in high salt concentration areas.  How D.salina   tolerate high salt concentration? D. salina has adapted to survive in high salinity environments by accumulating glycerol to balance osmotic pressure. Note :  D. salina is also adapted to solar radiation using β-carotene to protect against ionizing energy.                 Red Colour of Salt Brines  Dunaliella salina...
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Role of treadmilling of actin filaments in vitro -Biology

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               What is treadmilling?

Treadmilling is a phenomenon observed in many cellular cytoskeletal filaments, especially in actin filaments and microtubules. It occurs when one end of a filament grows in length while the other end shrinks resulting in a section of filament seemingly "moving" across a stratum or the cytosol.

             Actin treadmilling ?

Actin treadmilling is the continuous removal of actin monomers from the pointed ends of filaments and their reincorporation at barbed ends —is essential for cell motility. The process is accelerated by the actin-binding protein ADF/cofilin, which stimulates the release of actin monomers from pointed ends.

     When treadmilling occurs in actin?

Treadmilling of actin filaments in steady state occurs at G-actin concentration is above the Cc of positive (+) end and below the Cc of the (-)end.

What are plus and minus ends of actin filaments?

The two ends of an actin filament differ in their dynamics of subunit addition and removal. They are thus referred to as the plus end (with faster dynamics, also called barbed end) and the minus end (with slower dynamics, also called pointed end). ... As a consequence, the actin filaments are also structurally polar.
Image source: Google


Questions regarding treadmilling

  •  What is the purpose of actin treadmilling in a cell?
  4. To move molecules within the cell.
  •  is meant when actin filaments are described as polar?
  1. They have a plus end and a minus end
  2. The have two plus ends, with a minus in the middle
  3. They are magnetic
  4. Each individual actin molecules is shaped like a pole.


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